Phrenological head by Jean Martin Charcot
“For my thoughts are not your thoughts, neither are your ways my ways, declares the Lord,” Isaiah 55:8, ESV.
Citing Emails, Interviews, Lectures, etc. in APA Format
Emails, letters, memos, telephone conversations, lectures, course materials handed out in class or provided via Blackboard, and personal interviews are considered personal communications in APA. This type of communication can be difficult to provide recoverable data; therefore, these types of communication are not included in the Reference list. Cite personal communications within the body of your paper only.
Example:
In an interview, Sally Shoefeld explained the treatment for an accident victim (personal communication, December 18, 2011).
Note: For more information about personal communciations, see page 179 in the APA Manual, 6th edition.